@article{Ghaffari_Hassanzadeh_Nowrouzi_Gholaminejhad_Mokhtari_Seifali_Mohammed_Akbari_2018, title={Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Cichorium intybus L. seed extract in ischemia/reperfusion injury model of rat spinal cord}, volume={4}, url={https://www.jocms.org/index.php/jcms/article/view/493}, DOI={10.22317/jcms.v4i4.493}, abstractNote={<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of chicory seed (CSE, Cichorium intybus L. seed) following spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (SCI/R) injury in rat model were evaluated.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> In this study 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided to six groups:  control (Co), sham (Sh), CSE, SCI/R, CSE+SCI/R (7 days pretreatment with CSE group+inducing I/R injury), SCI/R +CSE (induced I/R injury group+3 days treatment with CSE). SCI/R injury was induced by creating a longitudinal incision on the midline of abdominal region and clamping the aorta just below renal artery for 30 minutes. After 3 days, SC was removed and used for evaluation of antioxidant enzymes (including Superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT]), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA]), inflammatory factors (IL1β, IL18 & TNFα) and histopathological changes. Before sacrificing the animals, the motional score were assessed.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Our results demonstrated that, in the SCI/R group, the mean  levels of SOD, and CAT were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the mean level of MDA was significantly increased (P<0.05) in comparison to Co and Sh groups. Also, the mean levels of SOD and CAT in the treatment group were higher than the SCI/R group (P<0.05), while, the mean MDA content in the treatment group was significantly less than the SCI/R group (P <0.05). In addition, comparison between SCI/R and treatment groups demonstrated a significant decrease in tissue damage in the treatment group.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study demonstrated that, the neuroprotective effects of aqueous extract of Cichorium intybus L. seed on SCI/R injury in rat by anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Additionally, comparing the treatment and pretreatment groups shows that the pretreatment usage of the extract is more effective than treatment group.</p>}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences}, author={Ghaffari, Neda and Hassanzadeh, Gholamreza and Nowrouzi, Azin and Gholaminejhad, Morteza and Mokhtari, Tahmineh and Seifali, Rahimeh and Mohammed, Ibrahim and Akbari, Mohammad}, year={2018}, month={Dec.}, pages={195–201} }