Clinico-pathological spectrum of Childhood Central Nervous System Tumors in Iraq: A Single-Institutional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v5i4.612Keywords:
Astrocytoma, epidemiology, medulloblastoma, pediatric brain tumor, World Health Organization classificationAbstract
Objectives: The present retrospective study analyzed the spectrum of pediatric CNS tumors in a single tertiary hospital in Iraq.
Methods: Data regarding frequencies of various primary CNS tumors (diagnosed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification), in pediatric patients (<18 yrs. of age), were collected from a single tertiary care hospital in Iraq for a period 2014-2017.
Results: fifty-four children were diagnosed with primary CNS tumors. The most common primary pediatric CNS tumors were medulloblastoma (37%), followed by low grade gliomas (29.6%), high grade gliomas (0.011% ), CNS germinoma (0.09%), supratentorial primitive neuro-ectodermal tumors and ependymomas (0.037% for each). Rare tumors encountered were oligodendrogliomas, choroid plexus carcinoma, and pineoblastoma (0.18% for each). The most common low grade gliomas tumor was pilocytic astrocytoma.
Conclusions: This is the first study reporting the spectrum of CNS tumors in children in Iraq. Except for a higher frequency of CNS germinoma, the profile of other pediatric CNS tumors in Iraq is relatively similar to that reported in other countries.
References
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2. Rosemberg S, Fujiwara D. Epidemiology of pediatric tumors of the nervous system according to the WHO 2000 classification: a report of 1,195 cases from a single institution. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2005;21(11):940-4. Epub 2005/07/27.
3. Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, Burger PC, Jouvet A, et al. The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Acta neuropathologica. 2007;114(2):97-109. Epub 2007/07/10.
4. Ishihara H, Ohno Y, Fujii M, Hara J, Soda M. Epidemiological analysis of childhood cancer in Japan based on population-based cancer registries, 1993-2009. Japanese journal of clinical oncology. 2017;47(7):660-3. Epub 2017/03/24.
5. Suresh SG, Srinivasan A, Scott JX, Rao SM, Chidambaram B, Chandrasekar S. Profile and Outcome of Pediatric Brain Tumors - Experience from a Tertiary Care Pediatric Oncology Unit in South India. Journal of pediatric neurosciences. 2017;12(3):237-44. Epub 2017/12/06.
6. Jain A, Sharma MC, Suri V, Kale SS, Mahapatra AK, Tatke M, et al. Spectrum of pediatric brain tumors in India: a multi-institutional study. Neurology India. 2011;59(2):208-11. Epub 2011/04/13.
7. Rickert CH, Paulus W. Epidemiology of central nervous system tumors in childhood and adolescence based on the new WHO classification. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2001;17(9):503-11. Epub 2001/10/05.
8. Diamandis P, Aldape K. World Health Organization 2016 Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors. Neurologic clinics. 2018;36(3):439-47. Epub 2018/08/04.
9. DeSouza RM, Jones BR, Lowis SP, Kurian KM. Pediatric medulloblastoma - update on molecular classification driving targeted therapies. Frontiers in oncology. 2014;4:176. Epub 2014/08/08.
10. Fuller GN, Scheithauer BW. The 2007 Revised World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System: newly codified entities. Brain Pathol. 2007;17(3):304-7. Epub 2007/06/30.
11. Asirvatham JR, Deepti AN, Chyne R, Prasad MS, Chacko AG, Rajshekhar V, et al. Pediatric tumors of the central nervous system: a retrospective study of 1,043 cases from a tertiary care center in South India. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2011;27(8):1257-63. Epub 2011/02/24.
12. Madhavan R, Kannabiran BP, Nithya AM, Kani J, Balasubramaniam P, Shanmugakumar S. Pediatric brain tumors: An analysis of 5 years of data from a tertiary cancer care center, India. Indian journal of cancer. 2016;53(4):562-5. Epub 2017/05/10.
13. Suh YL, Koo H, Kim TS, Chi JG, Park SH, Khang SK, et al. Tumors of the central nervous system in Korea: a multicenter study of 3221 cases. Journal of neuro-oncology. 2002;56(3):251-9. Epub 2002/06/14.
14. Gilli IO, Joaquim AF, Tedeschi H, Dos Santos Aguiar S, Morcillo AM, Ghizoni E. Factors affecting diagnosis of primary pediatric central nervous system neoplasias in a developing country. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2019;35(1):91-6. Epub 2018/09/27.
15. Johnson KJ, Cullen J, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Ostrom QT, Langer CE, Turner MC, et al. Childhood brain tumor epidemiology: a brain tumor epidemiology consortium review. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2014;23(12):2716-36. Epub 2014/09/07.
16. Kang JM, Ha J, Hong EK, Ju HY, Park BK, Shin SH, et al. A nationwide, population-based epidemiologic study of childhood brain tumors in Korea, 2005-2014: A comparison with United States data. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2019;28(2):409-16. Epub 2018/10/24.
17. Kaderali Z, Lamberti-Pasculli M, Rutka JT. The changing epidemiology of paediatric brain tumours: a review from the Hospital for Sick Children. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2009;25(7):787-93. Epub 2008/12/17.
18. Kaatsch P, Rickert CH, Kuhl J, Schuz J, Michaelis J. Population-based epidemiologic data on brain tumors in German children. Cancer. 2001;92(12):3155-64. Epub 2001/12/26.
19. Hjalmars U, Kulldorff M, Wahlqvist Y, Lannering B. Increased incidence rates but no space-time clustering of childhood astrocytoma in Sweden, 1973-1992: a population-based study of pediatric brain tumors. Cancer. 1999;85(9):2077-90. Epub 1999/05/01.
20. Karkouri M, Zafad S, Khattab M, Benjaafar N, El Kacemi H, Sefiani S, et al. Epidemiologic profile of pediatric brain tumors in Morocco. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2010;26(8):1021-7. Epub 2010/02/25.
21. Zhou D, Zhang Y, Liu H, Luo S, Luo L, Dai K. Epidemiology of nervous system tumors in children: a survey of 1,485 cases in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from 2001 to 2005. Pediatric neurosurgery. 2008;44(2):97-103. Epub 2008/01/31.
22. Makino K, Nakamura H, Yano S, Kuratsu J. Population-based epidemiological study of primary intracranial tumors in childhood. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2010;26(8):1029-34. Epub 2010/03/30.
23. Wagner HP, Antic V. The problem of pediatric malignancies in the developing world. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1997;824:193-204. Epub 1997/11/05.
24. Gajjar A, Sanford RA, Heideman R, Jenkins JJ, Walter A, Li Y, et al. Low-grade astrocytoma: a decade of experience at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997;15(8):2792-9. Epub 1997/08/01.
25. Rutkowski S, Bode U, Deinlein F, Ottensmeier H, Warmuth-Metz M, Soerensen N, et al. Treatment of early childhood medulloblastoma by postoperative chemotherapy alone. The New England journal of medicine. 2005;352(10):978-86. Epub 2005/03/11.
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Published
2019-08-28
How to Cite
Al-Jumaily, U., Al-Safi, R., Al-Mosawi, S., Al-Obaidy, H., & Fawzi, M. (2019). Clinico-pathological spectrum of Childhood Central Nervous System Tumors in Iraq: A Single-Institutional Study. Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences, 5(4), 197–201. https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v5i4.612
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